Step-by-Step Guide to Understanding English Tenses from Hindi
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Introduction
One of the biggest challenges for Hindi speakers learning English is understanding tenses correctly.
✔ Why?
- English has 12 tenses, while Hindi mainly uses past, present, and future.
- The word order and structure of English tenses are different from Hindi.
✔ Example:
🗣 Hindi: "मैं रोज स्कूल जाता हूँ।"
❌ Wrong English: "I daily school go."
✅ Correct English: "I go to school daily."
🎯 Solution:
This guide will explain all 12 English tenses with Hindi to English sentence examples so you can understand and use them correctly.
1. Present Tense (वर्तमान काल) - 4 Types
A) Present Simple (साधारण वर्तमान काल)
✔ Usage: Daily activities, habits, general truths.
| Hindi Sentence | Wrong English | Correct English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं क्रिकेट खेलता हूँ। | I am play cricket. | I play cricket. |
| वह रोज़ स्कूल जाती है। | She goes to school daily. | She goes to school daily. |
🎯 Formula:
✅ Subject + Verb (1st form) + s/es (if singular)
B) Present Continuous (वर्तमान अपूर्ण काल)
✔ Usage: Actions happening right now.
| Hindi Sentence | Wrong English | Correct English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं अभी खाना खा रहा हूँ। | I eating food now. | I am eating food now. |
| वे गाना गा रहे हैं। | They singing a song. | They are singing a song. |
🎯 Formula:
✅ Subject + is/am/are + Verb(ing)
C) Present Perfect (पूर्ण वर्तमान काल)
✔ Usage: Actions completed recently.
| Hindi Sentence | Wrong English | Correct English |
|---|---|---|
| मैंने खाना खा लिया है। | I eat food. | I have eaten food. |
| हमने नया घर खरीदा है। | We buy a new house. | We have bought a new house. |
🎯 Formula:
✅ Subject + has/have + Verb (3rd form)
D) Present Perfect Continuous (निरंतर वर्तमान पूर्ण काल)
✔ Usage: Actions that started in the past and are still continuing.
| Hindi Sentence | Wrong English | Correct English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं दो घंटे से पढ़ रहा हूँ। | I am reading for two hours. | I have been reading for two hours. |
| वे सुबह से काम कर रहे हैं। | They working since morning. | They have been working since morning. |
🎯 Formula:
✅ Subject + has/have been + Verb(ing) + since/for + time
2. Past Tense (भूतकाल) - 4 Types
A) Past Simple (साधारण भूतकाल)
✔ Usage: Actions completed in the past.
| Hindi Sentence | Wrong English | Correct English |
|---|---|---|
| मैंने कल क्रिकेट खेला। | I play cricket yesterday. | I played cricket yesterday. |
| वह मॉल गया। | He go to the mall. | He went to the mall. |
🎯 Formula:
✅ Subject + Verb(2nd form) + Object
B) Past Continuous (अपूर्ण भूतकाल)
✔ Usage: Ongoing action in the past.
| Hindi Sentence | Wrong English | Correct English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं टीवी देख रहा था। | I watching TV. | I was watching TV. |
| वे खेल रहे थे। | They played cricket. | They were playing cricket. |
🎯 Formula:
✅ Subject + was/were + Verb(ing)
C) Past Perfect (पूर्ण भूतकाल)
✔ Usage: Actions that were completed before another action in the past.
| Hindi Sentence | Wrong English | Correct English |
|---|---|---|
| मैंने खाना खा लिया था। | I eaten food. | I had eaten food. |
| वे जा चुके थे। | They was gone. | They had gone. |
🎯 Formula:
✅ Subject + had + Verb(3rd form)
D) Past Perfect Continuous (निरंतर भूतकाल पूर्ण काल)
✔ Usage: Ongoing actions in the past for a duration.
| Hindi Sentence | Wrong English | Correct English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं दो घंटे से पढ़ रहा था। | I was reading for two hours. | I had been reading for two hours. |
🎯 Formula:
✅ Subject + had been + Verb(ing) + since/for + time
3. Future Tense (भविष्यकाल) - 4 Types
A) Future Simple (साधारण भविष्यकाल)
✔ Usage: Future actions.
| Hindi Sentence | Wrong English | Correct English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं कल क्रिकेट खेलूँगा। | I play cricket tomorrow. | I will play cricket tomorrow. |
🎯 Formula:
✅ Subject + will/shall + Verb(1st form)
B) Future Continuous (अपूर्ण भविष्यकाल)
✔ Usage: Ongoing actions in the future.
| Hindi Sentence | Wrong English | Correct English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं दो बजे क्रिकेट खेल रहा होऊँगा। | I will playing at 2 PM. | I will be playing at 2 PM. |
🎯 Formula:
✅ Subject + will be + Verb(ing)
C) Future Perfect (पूर्ण भविष्यकाल)
✔ Usage: Completed actions before a time in the future.
| Hindi Sentence | Wrong English | Correct English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं 5 बजे तक खाना खा चुका होऊँगा। | I will eat by 5 PM. | I will have eaten by 5 PM. |
🎯 Formula:
✅ Subject + will have + Verb(3rd form)
D) Future Perfect Continuous (निरंतर भविष्यकाल पूर्ण काल)
✔ Usage: Continuous actions till a future time.
| Hindi Sentence | Wrong English | Correct English |
|---|---|---|
| मैं दो घंटे से पढ़ रहा होऊँगा। | I will reading for two hours. | I will have been reading for two hours. |
🎯 Formula:
✅ Subject + will have been + Verb(ing) + since/for + time
Conclusion
✅ Key Takeaways:
✔ Master all 12 English tenses with correct usage.
✔ Practice daily sentences to improve fluency.
✔ Understand sentence structure differences between Hindi and English.
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