How to Use Active and Passive Voice in English (With Hindi Explanations & Examples)
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🔹 Introduction
Active and passive voice are two different ways of constructing sentences in English. Hindi speakers often struggle with the passive voice because Hindi primarily follows an active structure.
📌 Example:
✔ Active: Ram wrote a letter. (राम ने एक पत्र लिखा।)
✔ Passive: A letter was written by Ram. (एक पत्र राम द्वारा लिखा गया।)
🚀 In this guide, you’ll learn:
✅ The difference between active and passive voice
✅ How to change active voice into passive voice (with rules & examples)
✅ Common mistakes Hindi speakers make & how to fix them
✅ Exercises to practice converting sentences
By the end, you’ll master both voices and improve your English fluency! 🎯
🔹 1. What is Active and Passive Voice?
✔ Active Voice – The subject performs the action.
✔ Passive Voice – The subject receives the action.
📌 Comparison:
| Active Voice (सक्रिय वाक्य) | Passive Voice (निष्क्रिय वाक्य) |
|---|---|
| She sings a song. (वह एक गाना गाती है।) | A song is sung by her. (एक गाना उसके द्वारा गाया जाता है।) |
| He is writing a book. (वह एक किताब लिख रहा है।) | A book is being written by him. (एक किताब उसके द्वारा लिखी जा रही है।) |
| They will complete the project. (वे प्रोजेक्ट पूरा करेंगे।) | The project will be completed by them. (प्रोजेक्ट उनके द्वारा पूरा किया जाएगा।) |
📌 Key Difference:
- Active Voice: The subject does the action. (Ram wrote a letter.)
- Passive Voice: The object becomes the subject. (A letter was written by Ram.)
🔹 2. How to Convert Active Voice into Passive Voice
📌 Formula:
👉 Active: Subject + Verb + Object
👉 Passive: Object + Auxiliary Verb + Past Participle (V3) + "by" + Subject
📌 Steps to Change Active to Passive:
1️⃣ Identify the subject, verb, and object.
2️⃣ Move the object to the subject position.
3️⃣ Use the correct form of "be" (is, are, was, were, has been, etc.).
4️⃣ Change the main verb into past participle (V3).
5️⃣ Add "by" before the original subject (if needed).
🔹 3. Active and Passive Voice Rules (With Examples)
1️⃣ Simple Present Tense
📌 Rule:
👉 Active: Subject + V1 + Object
👉 Passive: Object + is/am/are + V3 + by + Subject
📌 Examples:
✔ Active: He writes a letter. (वह एक पत्र लिखता है।)
✔ Passive: A letter is written by him. (एक पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जाता है।)
✔ Active: They make cakes. (वे केक बनाते हैं।)
✔ Passive: Cakes are made by them. (केक उनके द्वारा बनाए जाते हैं।)
2️⃣ Present Continuous Tense
📌 Rule:
👉 Active: Subject + is/am/are + V1-ing + Object
👉 Passive: Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject
📌 Examples:
✔ Active: She is cooking food. (वह खाना बना रही है।)
✔ Passive: Food is being cooked by her. (खाना उसके द्वारा बनाया जा रहा है।)
✔ Active: They are watching a movie. (वे एक फिल्म देख रहे हैं।)
✔ Passive: A movie is being watched by them. (एक फिल्म उनके द्वारा देखी जा रही है।)
3️⃣ Simple Past Tense
📌 Rule:
👉 Active: Subject + V2 + Object
👉 Passive: Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject
📌 Examples:
✔ Active: He bought a car. (उसने एक कार खरीदी।)
✔ Passive: A car was bought by him. (एक कार उसके द्वारा खरीदी गई।)
✔ Active: They completed the project. (उन्होंने प्रोजेक्ट पूरा किया।)
✔ Passive: The project was completed by them. (प्रोजेक्ट उनके द्वारा पूरा किया गया।)
4️⃣ Future Tense
📌 Rule:
👉 Active: Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object
👉 Passive: Object + will be + V3 + by + Subject
📌 Examples:
✔ Active: She will write a book. (वह एक किताब लिखेगी।)
✔ Passive: A book will be written by her. (एक किताब उसके द्वारा लिखी जाएगी।)
✔ Active: They will paint the house. (वे घर को रंगेंगे।)
✔ Passive: The house will be painted by them. (घर उनके द्वारा रंगा जाएगा।)
🔹 4. Common Mistakes Hindi Speakers Make (And How to Fix Them!)
1️⃣ Using the Wrong Verb Form in Passive Voice
❌ A letter was wrote by him. (Wrong)
✅ A letter was written by him. (Correct)
2️⃣ Forgetting "By" Before the Subject
❌ The work was finished he. (Wrong)
✅ The work was finished by him. (Correct)
3️⃣ Using Present Tense Instead of Past in Passive Sentences
❌ A cake is bake by her. (Wrong)
✅ A cake is baked by her. (Correct)
📌 Tip: Always use past participle (V3) in passive voice!
🔹 5. Best Exercises to Master Active & Passive Voice
✅ Exercise 1: Convert Active to Passive
1️⃣ He sings a song. → __________
2️⃣ They are playing football. → __________
3️⃣ She wrote a letter. → __________
✅ Exercise 2: Convert Passive to Active
1️⃣ The book was written by John. → __________
2️⃣ A movie is being watched by them. → __________
3️⃣ The homework will be completed by the students. → __________
✅ Exercise 3: Translate These Sentences into English
1️⃣ यह पत्र राम द्वारा लिखा गया है।
2️⃣ खाना शेफ द्वारा पकाया जा रहा है।
3️⃣ यह फैसला टीम द्वारा लिया जाएगा।
🔹 Conclusion
Now you know how to use active and passive voice correctly in English! 🚀
✅ Use active voice for direct, clear sentences.
✅ Use passive voice to focus on the action rather than the doer.
✅ Practice daily to master sentence transformations.
💡 Challenge: Convert 10 sentences from active to passive and vice versa today!
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